Saturday, February 29, 2020

Analysis Of Mobile Communication Communications Essay

Analysis Of Mobile Communication Communications Essay Wireless communication has become a ubiquitous part of modern life, from global cellular telephone systems to local and even personal-area networks. This book provides a tutorial introduction to digital mobile wireless networks, illustrating theoretical underpinnings with a wide range of real-world examples. The book begins with a review of propagation phenomena, and goes on to examine channel allocation, modulation techniques, multiple access schemes, and coding techniques. GSM and IS-95 systems are reviewed and 2.5G and 3G packet-switched systems are discussed in detail. Performance analysis and accessing and scheduling techniques are covered, and the book closes with a chapter on wireless LANs and personal-area networks. Many worked examples and homework exercises are provided and a solutions manual is available for instructors. The book is an ideal text for electrical engineering and computer science students taking courses in wireless communications. It will also be an invaluab le reference for practicing engineers. Wireless communication technology is diffusing around the planet faster than any other communication technology to date. Because communication is at the heart of human activity in all domains, the advent of this technology, allowing multimodal communication from anywhere to anywhere where there is the appropriate infrastructure, is supposed to have profound social effects. Yet, which kind of effects, under which conditions, for whom and for what is an open question. Indeed, we know from the history of technology, including the history of the Internet, that people and organizations end up using the technology for purposes very different of those initially sought or conceived by the designers of the technology. Furthermore, the more a technology is interactive, and the more it is likely that the users become the producers of the technology in its actual practice. Therefore, rather than projecting dreams and fears on the kind of society that will result in the future from the widespread use of wireless communication, we must root ourselves in the observation of the present using the traditional, standard tools of scholarly research. People, institutions, and business have suffered enough from the unwarranted prophecies of futurologists and visionaries that project and promise whatever comes to their minds on the basis of anecdotal observation and ill understood developments. Thus, our aim in this report is to ground an informed discussion of the social uses and social effects of wireless communication technology on what we know currently (2004) in different areas of the world. We would have like to consider exclusively information and analyses produced within the rigorous standards of academic research. This constitutes a good proportion of the material examined here. The rise of mobile communication Mobile communication has diffused into society at a rate that is unprecedented. On a world basis, the number of mobile phone s rose 24% between 2000 and 2005. According to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), there was about one telephone subscription for every third person in the world (2005).2 At the same time there were about half as many who had access to the intent (ITU 2005). The highest adoption rates are found in Europe where there are approximately 82 subscriptions per 100 persons. In Oceania (Australia, New Zealand, etc.) there are 69, and in the Americas there are 52 subscriptions per 100 persons. Following this Asia had 22 subscriptions per 100 and Africa had 11. While the adoption rate in Europe has levelled off, there is an almost Klondike like atmosphere in many other countries. The growth rates in India and China are far above 50% per year. In addition, growth in sub-Saharan Africa often tops 100% and sometimes even 200% per year.3 Thus, in the last decade; we have seen the widespread adoption of a new form of communication.

Thursday, February 13, 2020

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Education - Essay Example With education turning out to be one of the most important aspects of one’s life, educators, government authorities and other relevant stakeholders are increasingly concerned about the various challenges that may impede the educational processes. Although, countries of the world have their own educational systems to effectively educate their children and young people, there could be some problems in each of these systems. So, this paper focusing on the educational systems of United States and Middle Eastern countries, will discuss how there are certain inherent problems in both these systems, necessitating reforms. United States is regarded as the most developed nation in various spheres of human existence from economy to science and technology, media power, etc. United States is able to achieve that recognition, not only because of their innovative mindset and hard work, but due to a strong educational system. Although, the educational system is churning out equipped individu als, there are certain facts and issues, which clearly show that the education system in America needs reforms. One of the key facts is the inability of the children, students or young adult to read and write high level language in various fields from science to politics. Michael Moore in his book, Stupid white men-- and other sorry excuses for the state of the nation provides the statistics which depict the levels of literacy among the people in America. â€Å"There are forty-four million Americans who cannot read and write above a fourth-grade level-in other words, who are functional illiterates.† (Moore). He further states that even if the people are able to read, they rarely indulge in reading activities. â€Å"I've also read that only 11 percent of the American public bothers to read a daily newspaper, beyond the funny pages or the used car ads.† (Moore). This implies that though the Americans are educated, they are not utilizing their knowledge to increase their awareness about the world. If these shocking facts about the educational system are focused in an particular perspective, it is clear that the schooling system has some loopholes. Formal education of a child begins in a school and the quality of schooling depends on the variety of factors. The conditions of American public schools particularly regarding the treatment of teachers point towards the lackadaisical attitude of the American government towards education. Teachers and their dedicated efforts are very important in the education of the child. But even these teachers are neglected by the American government and society. They are not adequately paid and this results in low quality of teaching, as the teachers are not encouraged to perform better by recognizing their efforts in form of high wages. â€Å"The twin topics of teacher quality and teacher compensation have garnered considerable attention†¦motivated in part by the desire to increase the quality of individuals who select into the teaching profession, and to prevent attrition.† (). With these problems of underpayment and attrition, it is obvious that the education of children is effected to such an extent they are never able to comprehend true meaning of education. To correct these situation regarding the quality of education and quality of teachers, they have to be paid aptly. â€Å"One obvious policy tool to deal with the quality and distribution of teachers would be to increase teachers' monetary compensation, perhaps in a targeted

Saturday, February 1, 2020

Sociology And Social Worlds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Sociology And Social Worlds - Essay Example â€Å"Matter† refers â€Å"principally, to the role material objects play in the making of social worlds† (Redman, 2008, p. 8), e.g. money and receipts which help create attachments between people as well as between people and objects. It can be argued that things (or matter) can affect social bonds on their own as well, since they â€Å"have agency as much as people† (Carter & Smith, 2008, qtd. in Redman, 2008, p. 12). Matter is inextricably linked to social attachments as well, both between people and between people and objects, everything material is at some point social and vice versa. There is much that has been said by social constructionists in this regard and this paper attempts to assess the above-mentioned role of matter with regard to what the social constructionists have put forward in this regard. Just how efficacious these arguments are is a matter that will also be addressed herein. In the end, a recommendation is made for more research to be done with regard to the role of matter in our attachment forging. To come back to matter, it may also include certain physical/biological traits, such as gender. But here the question arises if it is indeed gender that causes attachments to be forged between people (for instance mother and child, husband and wife) and not social norms. Thus, social constructionists argue, it can be an effect of both factors simultaneously, a woman is biologically female, and hence is expected by society to rear her child and love her unconditionally, however, this does not necessarily mean that the love she feels for her child is fabricated – it is the role of being a â€Å"mother† that may be socially fabricated, but not the feelings of being a â€Å"mother.† In such a context, it is our bodies, that are â€Å"matter,† and which are used to form attachments between people and between people and things, for instance, a girl having fondness for her doll, whereas a boy having it for his cricket bat. In this regard, social constructionists hold that it is actually the society that causes this errant belief of gender to be transferred into the social lives of people (Gabb, 2008, p. 31). Social constructionists argue that this phenomenon has more to do with social norms and practices than with individual needs and requirements. However, that cannot be completely true. There are certain individual traits that tend to form an attachment between people and objects and between people. In Woodward’s article, for instance, the attachment to boxing has been linked with certain ideals of masculinity, while that in itself cannot be considered to be matter, it is, perhaps, the biological sex of a person, and even the social implications that come with this, that determine and effect the propensity of boxers to be attached to the sport itself and the various factors it brings with it (2008). Moreover, the training of the boxer inculcates in him/her further attach ment to the game. Although some would argue that it is more mental than physical – attachment to boxing is caused by a certain psychological drive in the person.

Friday, January 24, 2020

Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Strong Wife of Bath

The Strong Wife of Bath       Alison of Bath as a battered wife may seem all wrong, but her fifth husband, Jankyn, did torment her and knock her down, if not out, deafening her somewhat in the process. Nevertheless, the Wife of Bath got the upper hand in this marriage as she had done in the other four and as she would probably do in the sixth, which she declared herself ready to welcome. Alison certainly ranks high among women able to gain control over their mates.    The Wife of Bath's personality, philosophy of sexuality, and attitude toward sovereignty in marriage obviously are offered as comedy. When Chaucer's short poem addressed to Bukton, who is about to marry, recommends that he read the Wife of Bath regarding "The sorwe and wo that is in mariage" (ed. Benson, p. 655), he has to mean the domination, real or attempted, or the nagging, of the husband by the wife, that is sure to follow his wedding. Why else recommend the Wife of Bath for the edification of a bridegroom-to-be? And how could such an admonition be meant as anything but jest?    The Bukton piece leaves Chaucer's present-day audience wondering whether he and Philippa, married in 1366, had lived happily ever after. Unfortunately, the Chaucer Life-Records tell us nothing personal such as this. As for Chaucer himself, although he uses the autobiographical first person pronoun, his allusions to domineering and/or nagging wives are presented through the voices of his persona and of the pilgrim narrators of the Canterbury Tales, of whom the persona is one, all as likely to be fiction as to be fact. Chaucer remains inscrutable regarding his own marriage.    What, then, are we to make of the Bukton piece; of Alison of Bath and her anti-Pauline vi... ...st wife in the world. One would expect the married men hearing this to chuckle. But, needless to say, Chaucer's audience included women as well. In that day, when all marriage was Pauline at least in theory, and permanent sacramentally as well as legally, both "archwives" and "sklendre" had promised to obey. Women could join the laughter at this old chestnut because the shrew was some other woman. Of course good Christian wives never nagged their husbands.    Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Ed. Larry D. Benson. 3rd edn. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Crow, Martin M., and Clair C. Olson, eds. Chaucer Life-Records. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1966. Skeat, Walter W., ed. Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. 2nd ed. 6 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1899; rpt. 1972. Woolf, Rosemary. The English Mystery Plays. Berkeley: U of California P, 1972.

Wednesday, January 15, 2020

Small Economic Activity in Rural Area

Background of the studyEconomic activity refers to the consumption of goods and services and activities in which money is exchanged for product or services (Hendricks, 2017). It was performed for the purpose of making money, gaining wealth, creating and producing items that can be offered to the public for sale. Pavlov (2000) also argued that economic activity defined as any activity consisting in offering goods and services on a given market. The outcome of economic activities is measured monetarily (Hendricks, 2017). According to Fisher (1933), economic activities classified into three main sectors which are primary sector (consisting of agriculture), secondary sector (formed by industry) and lastly is the tertiary sector which are incorporating all other activities that did not fit in the first two sectors. Cari data statistic economi Malaysia?In business scope?There are several types of economic activities including business, professions and employment. Restaurants, large retailers and even small businesses engage in economic activities every day. Business is one of the economic activity. Whether it is a formal business, an entrepreneurial venture or a small lemonade stand in the front of yard, the economic activity of business is any activity where goods and services are exchanged for the earning of money. High cost living?Rural area refers to nonmetropolitan areas (United States Department of Agriculture, 2003). According to Office of Management and Budget United States (2013), nonmetropolitan areas are outside the boundaries of metropolitan areas and have no cities with 50,000 residents or more. Department of Statistic Malaysia (2010) stated that Lawas, Sarawak only had the total population of 38,385 in 2010. It can be categorized as the rural area because the total population less than 50,000 populations. In the next 10 years, the total of population in Lawas, Sarawak expected will be increase in 2020 (Population and Housing Census of Malaysia, 2010). According to Malaysia Labour Force Survey Report (2002:17), rural area defined as all the gazetted areas consisting of less than 10,000 people and all of the areas that are not gazetted. It also argued by the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development which simply defined rural as an area with population of less than 10,000 people. In 2002, out of nine main economic activities in rural areas, agriculture-related activities including hunting, forestry and fishing contributed 38.5% of the employment as compared to 18.2% in manufacturing and 9.8% in wholesale and retail trade (Malaysia – Labour Force Survey Report, 2002). Problem statementBusiness growths in Lawas town lead to raise the economic development in rural area. However, there are some issues that are often said. The local authority gives less attention to small-scaled business especially retailing business. This has been a challenge to small business owners to develop their businesses because of competition from large-scale business. Additionally, the lack of special sites for traders, particularly in stall business and renting business, has resulted in irregularities. It causes the huge problems for the urban environment such as creating a less attractive, hygiene problems and congestion, especially in Lawas town. These problems occur due to the weakness of local authorities in implementing the regulatory, guidelines planning, standards of planning, control activities, employee attitude and lack of financial. The local authorities mostly give attention to the issues of getting the appropriate site, the size of the building site, the provision of the perfect garbage disposal facility, the absence of special units or sections to implement the rules thoroughly in the context of actual planning. Informal businesses operating not only in town areas but also occurred in the village area. There are several issues that viewed from the informal sector businesses such as stalls and hawkers. It found that several stalls and hawkers had physically dilapidated conditions, built in unsafe business area and the absence of adequate public facilities have affected the unpleasant scenery. Several stalls or hawkers were too close to the road reserve. The selection of a location informal business has to take seriously. It is because, informal sector mostly happen found on parking lot area, roadside and in sidewalk of the stores. To improve this situation, the Lawas District Council will take enforcement action such as seizing business equipment, revoke licenses or impose fines. Occasionally, the Lawas District Council also handed over enforcement notice to close business or relocate stalls and hawker centers temporarily in a more organized and secure area.Research questionsResearch objectives The purpose of this study is aimed to analyst and evaluates the problems and growth of small-scale business in Lawas. Thus, consideration should be given to this aspect when discussing and evaluating the challenges of development. The objectives of the study are as follow:To identify the need of small-scale business in an economyTo determine the various problems faced by the local communities in the study areas from the perspective of the small-scale businessTo suggest more appropriate and effective ways to overcome this problem.The findings of this study will help the policy makers in identifying problems relating to the institutional arrangements of rural development agencies. Consequently, it will help in introducing more effective institutional arrangements in delivering or implementing rural development programmes in order to tackle rural development problems.Significance of studyThere are three factors that have driven the researcher to engage in the research. Firstly, there is a need for balance in development between rural and urban areas. Secondly, rural development is particularly important for the political stability of a nation, and thirdly, rural communities that typically form the majority of population in most developing countries are mostly poor. Therefore, rural development is part and parcel of the nation's development. It cannot be sidelined even though it possesses diverse and complex problems.

Tuesday, January 7, 2020

What Makes Politicians Stand Out Over The Rest - 1545 Words

What makes politicians stand out over the rest? The dictionary defines Demagogue as a political leader who tries to get support by making false claims and promises and using arguments based on emotion rather than reason. A demagogue always has an audience whose judgement he intends to influence. The significance they have in society is that most of the time they represent a specific group of people, whose believes are different from others; they are the voice of specific people. By understanding the strategies used by demagogues we can combat the negative influence these rhetors can have in our decisions. J. Justin Gustainis, an American college professor and fiction writer, wrote a paper explaining demagoguery, its different techniques, and how demagogues use them. One great example of demagogue is senator Joseph R. McCarthy’s speech â€Å"Enemies from Within†. During this speech, McCarthy expressed the people’s desired of peace while at the same time he said th at they were at war, the Cold War. He demonstrates different techniques of demagoguery which persuaded his intended audience, American society. For this essay, I will be exploring one demagogue characteristic in relation to McCarthy’s text, I will also be discussing one fallacy and how it shows potential weakness, and lastly I will be bringing a more contemporary example of demagoguery to analyze, identifying one characteristic using Fidel Castro’s text. McCarthy’s â€Å"Enemies from Within† speech took place in Wheeling,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Jimmy Carter and Political Maxim1017 Words   |  5 Pagesby Chris Matthews: Quotes Hardball by Chris Matthews is an interpretation of what many know as â€Å"hard-politics†. The book describes the skill of playing the game in Washington and how to be successful at it. 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However, it is the United Nation and NATO’s duty to recognize and defend Ukrainian sovereignty against the Russian incursion into Crimea. The Russians should not be allowed to have Crimea because Crimea is already a part of Ukraine. If no one intervenes, history will be repeated, and there will be war. Because of the historicalRead MoreA Plan For Student Loan Debt Burden995 Words   |  4 Pagestrillion, which is nondischargable, meaning that the debt could follow you for the rest of your life. States have cut education funding and in response, universities raised tuition. And it does not seem that politician s are taking any meaningful action to ameliorate this debt burden. Rubio wants businesses to invest in individual students and after graduation; the student â€Å"will pay a percentage of my salary over a defined period of time in return for that investment.† (The Wire) There are several

Monday, December 30, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr - 1689 Words

Martin Luther King Junior is often known as the leader of African American civil rights in the United States. His infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech brought a crowd of over two hundred and fifty thousand people to the steps and lake of the Lincoln Monument in Washington D.C. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. led a protest in Birmingham, Alabama that focused on the unfair treatment and the segregation of African Americans. The court ruled that he was not allowed to hold protests. Therefore, he was arrested and placed in Birmingham Jail. While inside his solitary confinement cell, he wrote a letter and had it sent out through his lawyer. This letter was addressed to the clergymen of Birmingham but he knew that everybody would be reading it.†¦show more content†¦Frequently, we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates.† The purpose for the introduction is to establish his credibility as a citizen of the United States of America. He is proving to them that he contains just as much intellect on the subject of injustice and racial discrimination, if not more. Next, King then appeals to pathos by telling the truth about what his people have gone through. He does this by using lines such as, â€Å"When you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.†, and â€Å"when you have seen hate-filled policeman curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters.† In these lines he is using language to incite a dark emotional feel. He then uses parallelism, such as â€Å"lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.† By using this kind of language and sentence structure King is making you envision and feel what he had to see his friends and family go through in those hard times. Throughout the whole paragraph using this kind of sentence structure and a lot of imagery the audience starts to feel what it would be like to be in King’s position and feel the pain and troubles he had to go through. It is an emotional parag raph, and using this strategy at the beginning of his letter captures the attention of his audience. This is what KingShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1046 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his memorable â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech while standing at the feet of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. His uplifting speech is one of the most admired during the civil rights era and arguably one of the best in American history. On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke about the true American dream: equality. Although the video of his oral spectacle is powerful, the written document portrays exactly howRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1139 Words   |  5 Pagesuse rhetorical devices and strategies to get their point across and try to convince the reader to believe in their perspective. It can also be used to get emotions from its readers, but that isn’t really the whole point of persuading someone. For instance, Martin Luther King Jr. uses an abundance of pathos in order to make the reader or clergymen feel sympathy towards the black people. Along with pathos, he uses lo gos and a bundle of hypophora. In order to obtain the goal of persuasion, Martin LutherRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr847 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr and The Civil Rights Movement Martin Luther King Jr was a protestor who became the most important spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement.  He was a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP) and in 1954, he decided to take a position as a preacher at Dexter Avenue Church in Montgomery, Alabama. King felt as though it was his moral duty to help the civil rights movement which is why he planned many activities that will helpRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.976 Words   |  4 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. wrote numerous speeches in efforts to inspire the idea of non-violent protesting in hopes of eventually reaching racial equality. Under what conditions can a man with seemingly no connection to a local community step in and assume the mantle of leadership as a spokesman for a segment of that community’s population? In all of the speeches, one way or another, Dr. King used several different rhetorical devices in order to defend his ow n actions. In specific, two of his speechesRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.728 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King Jr. gives this speech on September 28, 1965. This time period was the heart of the Civil Rights movement in America. Slaves received their freedom at the end of the Civil War, in 1865. However, the battle for former slaves did not end there. While they may have earned their freedom, there was still a long road ahead to achieving equality. Martin Luther King Jr., was a Civil Rights activist and speaker. In this speech, he talked not only about what has been accomplished, but aboutRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1996 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a letter while incarcerated in Birmingham jail to eight clergymen in response to their letter known as â€Å" A Call For Unity.†   The letter asked for the halt of direct action type protest in Birmingham, Alabama that Martin Luther King was leading.   The letter has become known as one of the greatest works of argument in American history. Part of the reason for the letter’s notoriety and effectiveness is due to its eloquent use of pathos. King’s use of pathos in hisRead MoreThe Rhetorical Analysis Of Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.764 Words   |  4 PagesWhile sitting in a jail cell, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. uses this time of reflection to write a letter to the 7 white church leaders in the south in rebuttal to their recent criticisms of the Civil Rights Movement. The letter comes after the recent protest in Birmingham, and the criticisms of his work form the Southern leaders. King crafts his argument in a cause and effect style to illustrate the direct problems or criticisms, and refutes these claims with substantial support in favor of hisRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.769 Words   |  4 Pagesactivists in the nation such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. After his assassination, people took their grief to the public and called for acts of violence to deal with the sudden loss. As their anger continued to rise, Cesar Chavez published an article, in which he urged people to com e to their senses and take a less violent approach to the situation. Chavez states that only through nonviolence will people continue to strive towards the peace that they and Dr. King have so long looked forward to. HeRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s I Have A Dream 1132 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was the man who wrote the speech entitled â€Å"I have a dream† and presented it to nearly 250,000 people on August 23, 1963. In that speech, MLK Jr. used several different types of figurative language/rhetorical devices in order to convey his message to the people on a deeper level. These devices include personification, allusion, symbolism, hyperbole, metaphor, simile, and anaphora. Personification is a form of figurative language in which something has nonhuman human qualitiesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of I Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr.815 Words   |  4 PagesMemorial more than two score years ago, Dr. Martin Luther King electrified America with his momentous I Have a Dream speech. Aimed at the entire nation, King’s main purpose in this speech was to convince his audience to demand racial justice towards the mistreated African Americans and to stand up together for the rights afforded to all under the Constitution. To further convey this purpose more effectively, King cleverly makes use of the rhetorical devices — ethos, pathos and logos — using figurative