Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - The Strong Wife of Bath

The Strong Wife of Bath       Alison of Bath as a battered wife may seem all wrong, but her fifth husband, Jankyn, did torment her and knock her down, if not out, deafening her somewhat in the process. Nevertheless, the Wife of Bath got the upper hand in this marriage as she had done in the other four and as she would probably do in the sixth, which she declared herself ready to welcome. Alison certainly ranks high among women able to gain control over their mates.    The Wife of Bath's personality, philosophy of sexuality, and attitude toward sovereignty in marriage obviously are offered as comedy. When Chaucer's short poem addressed to Bukton, who is about to marry, recommends that he read the Wife of Bath regarding "The sorwe and wo that is in mariage" (ed. Benson, p. 655), he has to mean the domination, real or attempted, or the nagging, of the husband by the wife, that is sure to follow his wedding. Why else recommend the Wife of Bath for the edification of a bridegroom-to-be? And how could such an admonition be meant as anything but jest?    The Bukton piece leaves Chaucer's present-day audience wondering whether he and Philippa, married in 1366, had lived happily ever after. Unfortunately, the Chaucer Life-Records tell us nothing personal such as this. As for Chaucer himself, although he uses the autobiographical first person pronoun, his allusions to domineering and/or nagging wives are presented through the voices of his persona and of the pilgrim narrators of the Canterbury Tales, of whom the persona is one, all as likely to be fiction as to be fact. Chaucer remains inscrutable regarding his own marriage.    What, then, are we to make of the Bukton piece; of Alison of Bath and her anti-Pauline vi... ...st wife in the world. One would expect the married men hearing this to chuckle. But, needless to say, Chaucer's audience included women as well. In that day, when all marriage was Pauline at least in theory, and permanent sacramentally as well as legally, both "archwives" and "sklendre" had promised to obey. Women could join the laughter at this old chestnut because the shrew was some other woman. Of course good Christian wives never nagged their husbands.    Works Cited Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Riverside Chaucer. Ed. Larry D. Benson. 3rd edn. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987. Crow, Martin M., and Clair C. Olson, eds. Chaucer Life-Records. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1966. Skeat, Walter W., ed. Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer. 2nd ed. 6 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1899; rpt. 1972. Woolf, Rosemary. The English Mystery Plays. Berkeley: U of California P, 1972.

Small Economic Activity in Rural Area

Background of the studyEconomic activity refers to the consumption of goods and services and activities in which money is exchanged for product or services (Hendricks, 2017). It was performed for the purpose of making money, gaining wealth, creating and producing items that can be offered to the public for sale. Pavlov (2000) also argued that economic activity defined as any activity consisting in offering goods and services on a given market. The outcome of economic activities is measured monetarily (Hendricks, 2017). According to Fisher (1933), economic activities classified into three main sectors which are primary sector (consisting of agriculture), secondary sector (formed by industry) and lastly is the tertiary sector which are incorporating all other activities that did not fit in the first two sectors. Cari data statistic economi Malaysia?In business scope?There are several types of economic activities including business, professions and employment. Restaurants, large retailers and even small businesses engage in economic activities every day. Business is one of the economic activity. Whether it is a formal business, an entrepreneurial venture or a small lemonade stand in the front of yard, the economic activity of business is any activity where goods and services are exchanged for the earning of money. High cost living?Rural area refers to nonmetropolitan areas (United States Department of Agriculture, 2003). According to Office of Management and Budget United States (2013), nonmetropolitan areas are outside the boundaries of metropolitan areas and have no cities with 50,000 residents or more. Department of Statistic Malaysia (2010) stated that Lawas, Sarawak only had the total population of 38,385 in 2010. It can be categorized as the rural area because the total population less than 50,000 populations. In the next 10 years, the total of population in Lawas, Sarawak expected will be increase in 2020 (Population and Housing Census of Malaysia, 2010). According to Malaysia Labour Force Survey Report (2002:17), rural area defined as all the gazetted areas consisting of less than 10,000 people and all of the areas that are not gazetted. It also argued by the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development which simply defined rural as an area with population of less than 10,000 people. In 2002, out of nine main economic activities in rural areas, agriculture-related activities including hunting, forestry and fishing contributed 38.5% of the employment as compared to 18.2% in manufacturing and 9.8% in wholesale and retail trade (Malaysia – Labour Force Survey Report, 2002). Problem statementBusiness growths in Lawas town lead to raise the economic development in rural area. However, there are some issues that are often said. The local authority gives less attention to small-scaled business especially retailing business. This has been a challenge to small business owners to develop their businesses because of competition from large-scale business. Additionally, the lack of special sites for traders, particularly in stall business and renting business, has resulted in irregularities. It causes the huge problems for the urban environment such as creating a less attractive, hygiene problems and congestion, especially in Lawas town. These problems occur due to the weakness of local authorities in implementing the regulatory, guidelines planning, standards of planning, control activities, employee attitude and lack of financial. The local authorities mostly give attention to the issues of getting the appropriate site, the size of the building site, the provision of the perfect garbage disposal facility, the absence of special units or sections to implement the rules thoroughly in the context of actual planning. Informal businesses operating not only in town areas but also occurred in the village area. There are several issues that viewed from the informal sector businesses such as stalls and hawkers. It found that several stalls and hawkers had physically dilapidated conditions, built in unsafe business area and the absence of adequate public facilities have affected the unpleasant scenery. Several stalls or hawkers were too close to the road reserve. The selection of a location informal business has to take seriously. It is because, informal sector mostly happen found on parking lot area, roadside and in sidewalk of the stores. To improve this situation, the Lawas District Council will take enforcement action such as seizing business equipment, revoke licenses or impose fines. Occasionally, the Lawas District Council also handed over enforcement notice to close business or relocate stalls and hawker centers temporarily in a more organized and secure area.Research questionsResearch objectives The purpose of this study is aimed to analyst and evaluates the problems and growth of small-scale business in Lawas. Thus, consideration should be given to this aspect when discussing and evaluating the challenges of development. The objectives of the study are as follow:To identify the need of small-scale business in an economyTo determine the various problems faced by the local communities in the study areas from the perspective of the small-scale businessTo suggest more appropriate and effective ways to overcome this problem.The findings of this study will help the policy makers in identifying problems relating to the institutional arrangements of rural development agencies. Consequently, it will help in introducing more effective institutional arrangements in delivering or implementing rural development programmes in order to tackle rural development problems.Significance of studyThere are three factors that have driven the researcher to engage in the research. Firstly, there is a need for balance in development between rural and urban areas. Secondly, rural development is particularly important for the political stability of a nation, and thirdly, rural communities that typically form the majority of population in most developing countries are mostly poor. Therefore, rural development is part and parcel of the nation's development. It cannot be sidelined even though it possesses diverse and complex problems.

What Makes Politicians Stand Out Over The Rest - 1545 Words

What makes politicians stand out over the rest? The dictionary defines Demagogue as a political leader who tries to get support by making false claims and promises and using arguments based on emotion rather than reason. A demagogue always has an audience whose judgement he intends to influence. The significance they have in society is that most of the time they represent a specific group of people, whose believes are different from others; they are the voice of specific people. By understanding the strategies used by demagogues we can combat the negative influence these rhetors can have in our decisions. J. Justin Gustainis, an American college professor and fiction writer, wrote a paper explaining demagoguery, its different techniques, and how demagogues use them. One great example of demagogue is senator Joseph R. McCarthy’s speech â€Å"Enemies from Within†. During this speech, McCarthy expressed the people’s desired of peace while at the same time he said th at they were at war, the Cold War. He demonstrates different techniques of demagoguery which persuaded his intended audience, American society. For this essay, I will be exploring one demagogue characteristic in relation to McCarthy’s text, I will also be discussing one fallacy and how it shows potential weakness, and lastly I will be bringing a more contemporary example of demagoguery to analyze, identifying one characteristic using Fidel Castro’s text. McCarthy’s â€Å"Enemies from Within† speech took place in Wheeling,Show MoreRelatedEssay about Jimmy Carter and Political Maxim1017 Words   |  5 Pagesby Chris Matthews: Quotes Hardball by Chris Matthews is an interpretation of what many know as â€Å"hard-politics†. The book describes the skill of playing the game in Washington and how to be successful at it. 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However, it is the United Nation and NATO’s duty to recognize and defend Ukrainian sovereignty against the Russian incursion into Crimea. The Russians should not be allowed to have Crimea because Crimea is already a part of Ukraine. If no one intervenes, history will be repeated, and there will be war. Because of the historicalRead MoreA Plan For Student Loan Debt Burden995 Words   |  4 Pagestrillion, which is nondischargable, meaning that the debt could follow you for the rest of your life. States have cut education funding and in response, universities raised tuition. And it does not seem that politician s are taking any meaningful action to ameliorate this debt burden. Rubio wants businesses to invest in individual students and after graduation; the student â€Å"will pay a percentage of my salary over a defined period of time in return for that investment.† (The Wire) There are several

Rhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr - 1689 Words

Martin Luther King Junior is often known as the leader of African American civil rights in the United States. His infamous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech brought a crowd of over two hundred and fifty thousand people to the steps and lake of the Lincoln Monument in Washington D.C. In 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. led a protest in Birmingham, Alabama that focused on the unfair treatment and the segregation of African Americans. The court ruled that he was not allowed to hold protests. Therefore, he was arrested and placed in Birmingham Jail. While inside his solitary confinement cell, he wrote a letter and had it sent out through his lawyer. This letter was addressed to the clergymen of Birmingham but he knew that everybody would be reading it.†¦show more content†¦Frequently, we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates.† The purpose for the introduction is to establish his credibility as a citizen of the United States of America. He is proving to them that he contains just as much intellect on the subject of injustice and racial discrimination, if not more. Next, King then appeals to pathos by telling the truth about what his people have gone through. He does this by using lines such as, â€Å"When you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.†, and â€Å"when you have seen hate-filled policeman curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters.† In these lines he is using language to incite a dark emotional feel. He then uses parallelism, such as â€Å"lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim.† By using this kind of language and sentence structure King is making you envision and feel what he had to see his friends and family go through in those hard times. Throughout the whole paragraph using this kind of sentence structure and a lot of imagery the audience starts to feel what it would be like to be in King’s position and feel the pain and troubles he had to go through. It is an emotional parag raph, and using this strategy at the beginning of his letter captures the attention of his audience. This is what KingShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr.1046 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay Civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his memorable â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech while standing at the feet of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. His uplifting speech is one of the most admired during the civil rights era and arguably one of the best in American history. On August 28th, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke about the true American dream: equality. 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Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender in the Tempest

ENG 225 C (De) Constructing the Other Intersections of Race, Class, and Gender in The Tempest In Shakespeares play, ‘The Tempest’, the characters of Prospero and Caliban, represent two different extremes on the social spectrum: the ruler, and the ruled. Their positions on the social hierarchy are largely due to the fact that Caliban responds almost wholly to passions, feelings of pleasure; his senses, while Prospero is ruled more by his intellect and self-discipline; his mind. Within ‘The Tempest’ there are obvious social implications regarding this social hierarchy, with the representations of characters such as Caliban and Prospero. During Shakespeares time social classification was much more rigid than today and some members†¦show more content†¦Essentially Prospero lands on Caliban’s island, takes away everything he has, and then forces him to become his slave proclaiming he saved him from his witch mother. This is yet another perfect example of how Prospero displays the obvious social hierarchy and is also the typical colonizer . These actions and consequent reasoning’s are also prime examples of Prospero’s horrible tyrannical ways from the beginning of the play. Prospero and Caliban’s relationship is strained from the beginning of the play when Prospero’s strong authoritative beliefs begin to surface. Caliban has the right of ownership of the island; however, Prospero firmly believes in the superiority of the white European over the half-devil islander. While this puts a strain on their relationship from the start, the boiling point came when Caliban attempts to rape Miranda, Prospero’s daughter. Even after attempting to rape Miranda, Caliban was brutally honest in not denying his malicious intent. â€Å"O ho, O ho! Would’t had been done!/ Thou didst prevent me; I had peopled else/ This isle with Calibans† (I.2.349-51). In response to Caliban’s attempted rape and his obvious total lack of remorse for it, Prospero states, â€Å"I have used thee / wit h humane care, and lodge thee/ In mine own cell till thou didst seek to violate / The honor of my child† (I.2.345-8). Prospero recounts here that he has cared forShow MoreRelatedWomen Were Birds And Unspeakable Things By Laurie Penny1407 Words   |  6 PagesDespite this commonality, the voice, stories, and themes are different and unique. Both touch on similar ideas, but the tone the authors take on are distinctive. Unspeakable Things, a novel by Laurie Penny, abrasively addresses the oppression of gender in society through the lens of girls, boys, sex, the Internet, and love and intimacy. This intersectional analysis has an overlay of the impact of neoliberalism, what Penny describes as the â€Å"attempt to reorganize society and the state on the basis

Discuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships Free Essays

Discuss the influence of childhood on adult relationships. (24 Marks) Many attachment psychologists argue that early relationships with our primary caregivers provide the foundation for later adult relationships. Bowlby called this the continuity hypothesis. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is the claim that early relationship experiences continue in later adult relationships. According to the attachment theory, young children develop an ‘internal working model’ from their first relationship with their primary carer. This is then the basis on which they consider what is acceptable in future relationships and whether they are able to trust or rely other individuals (based on preconceptions from previous relationships). Young children also develop characteristic attachment styles in their early relationships which influence later relationships by providing the child with beliefs about themselves, other people and relationships in general. There are several attachment styles that a child can develop in infancy. Ainsworth (1971) divided these into secure, insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant, when working on her ‘Strange Situation’ research. The characteristics we associate with attachment styles will provide a child with a set of beliefs about themselves and the nature of relationships with others. These attachment styles can be seen as a indicator of the nature of their future adult relationships. For example, someone who is securely attached as a child can expect to have similar relationships throughout life. There is research supporting the influence of childhood on adult relationship, such as the longitudinal study performed by Simpson et al (2007). It was carried out on on a group of individuals from childhood into their twenties. Individuals previously labelled as ‘securely attached’ were more capable of socialising, developed secure friendships and had positive emotional experiences on a regular basis, supporting the hypothesis. This shows that our attachment as children, and our developed internal working model influence our adult relationships greatly. Another study that proves this hypothesis was performed by Hazan and Shaver (1981). They devised a ‘love quiz’ in a local newspaper, asking readers to describe their feelings and experiences about romantic relationships and their childhood relationships with parents. They found a strong correlation between childhood and adult relationship patterns: for example, insecure-avoidant types doubted the existence of love, feared closeness and found it hard to forgive; insecure-resistant types were intensely emotional, jealous and untrusting; and secure types believed in love, were very trusting and liked being close to others. However it is unlikely that our attachment types as children are fixed. Life events, such as divorce of parents or loss of a loved one, can cause a ‘securely attached’ child to become ‘insecure’, therefore it is unrealistic to say that our early relationships determine whether or not we have successful long-lasting relationships. Also, this is a very deterministic view. It suggests that we have no control over the effect our childhood has on our future and that we do not have free will. For example the idea that because a child was abused, when they grow up they ‘will’ become abusers is not only is this untrue, but it plays on the idea that we have no power over who we become. ) Relationships with peers also have an influence on later adult relationships. Peers become more influential as a child progresses into adolescence, playing a significant role in an individual becoming an independent adult, and helping to develop social skills, including those needed for adult relationships. As young people develop into adolescents, they spend less time with parents and family and time with peers increases. They are more likely to experience self disclosure of inner feelings and secrets. Bee (1995) argues that teenagers use their peer group to make the transition from protection from the family to the real world. Interactions help to develop independence where the teen gradually attains separation from their family. This suggests how they develop a level of emotional and physical intimacy different to that to which they have with their parents. However gender differences have been found in childhood relationships. Research has shown that girls experience more intimate peer relations than boys, and often report feelings of care and security in their relationships with other girls. In contrast, boys’ peer relationships are usually more competitive. Therefore, we cannot generalise about the effects of childhood peer interactions as experiences are often very different. Also, many studies of adolescent relationships have relied on small samples from once school or city, usually in the US. A major disadvantage of such samples is that it doesn’t adequately represent relationships in other areas and cultures. Therefore, it is difficult to generalise findings, especially to non-Western cultures. Overall there are many suggestions as to how childhood, (the effects of peer relationships and parent-child relationships,) can affect our future adult relationships, and although there is various evidence supporting this, it is too reductionist to suggest that childhood experiences is the only factor that impacts possible relationships, as there are others such as life events and environmental factors. How to cite Discuss the Influence of Childhood on Adult Relationships, Essay examples

County Road Merchandising Analysis Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the County Road-Merchandising Analysis. Answer: About Country Road Country Road is an apparel manufacturer and retailer brand based in South Africa. South African business-house Woolworths Holdings Limited has been the parent company of Country Roads since 2014, and today the brand has over 68 privately owned stores and 77 concessional departmental stores. Country Roads started out in 1974 as a shirt label under its founder Stephen Bennett, and has since gradually increased its line of business to womens apparel, shoes, fashion accessories and miscellaneous household daily-wares (Countryroad.com 2017). Today, Country Roads is a recognized name in the world of fashion, conducting business across the world and parent to a number of smaller companies. Market Position and Promotional Strategies Beginning to 2008 Country Roads undertook a significant remodelling of their business policy and changed their pricing structure and immediate-profit margins. This new strategy brought down the prices if products significantly and as a result, increased sales in huge proportions. For instance, in the financial year 2006-07, Country Roads cut down its prices by 25% which, in turn, raised the sales by 70%. In 2003, Country Roads made a strategic agreement with Myer Departmental Stores, whereby they agreed to sell only to Myer and not to their Australian rival David Jones, another apparel brand. The company also made efforts to infiltrate into the US-fashion market, and to that effect, several Country Roads exclusive stores were opened in cities like New York, Boston and Chicago in 2000 (The New York Times 2017) . However the venture was a commercial flop and the stores had to be closed down because of grossly low sales figures (Craik 2015). 2009 to Present In 2009, Country Road launched the fashion label Trenery, which presently has fifty outlets in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. It has also tied up with David Jones and has a number of collaborated concessional departmental stores across David Jones line of stores. In 2012, Country Road financially acquired the Witchery Group, which comprised Witchery and Mimco for a sum estimated to be $ 172 million (Kim 2012). This acquisition marked the foundation of one of the largest fashion retailers in Australia, boasting of 517 showrooms and $679 million in annual trade (Australianexporters.net 2017). However, instead of resting on their laurels, Country Road keeps expanding their business and fulfilling new challenges to maintain their position as one of the largest lifestyle brands in the Australian subcontinent and in South Africa. In 2004, they introduced Country Road Active, a line of sports and fitness-wear ; and in2015, they launched their own line of jewellery and womens sungl asses. In 2016, they completed the successful acquisition of Politix, a leading Australian apparel company, dealing exclusively in menswear. Recommended Business Strategies As already stated, Country Road is one of the foremost fashion-labels in Australia, in terms of annual transactions and turnover. However, as evident from their failure to penetrate into the American and Western markets, they are lacking in the planning and execution of advertising and promotional policies (UK Shopper Track 2017). In order to achieve desired results as far as publicity and advertising are concerned, certain strategies need to be reshaped and new ones are required to be undertaken. Personal Selling Publicity: The company needs to adopt more effective measures to reinforce their retail sales figures. Country Road needs to build face to face publicity measures from ground-up so in order to spread accessibility to the non tech-savvy older generations who have otherwise little scope of knowing about the company and its line of products. They should also hold frequent press-releases and business-surveys in order to keep both their customers and themselves better informed about the status of the market. Public Relations: Public Relations (PR) is yet another field where Country Road can improve. Given that they now own several other brands with their own retail outlets, they can organise various exhibition and endorsement programmes in order to spread the brands renown among the public (Casidy 2012). Inviting regional celebrities like actors and sports-persons to promotional events would certainly augment the appeal and acceptability of the company to potential customers. Sales Promotion The employees should be made to feel included in Country Roads plan of business for better sales. To that effect, the staff should be rewarded with occasional incentives and bonuses, based on performance and sales figures, keeping the motivation high. Customers can also be attracted by providing discounts in the form of price-offs, cash backs, coupons and assured gifts with purchase. Special launch parties and privileges to staple and returning customers would help make them feel included, and in turn, improve business. Advertisement Country Road has a fairly well-organised advertising policy in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. However, in order to make inroads into the European and American markets as they have already been trying without success, they need to remodel their advertising policy. The emphasis should be more on advertising through the mass media instead of personal media due to the latters vast reach and appeal, transcending national and linguistic barriers. This can be achieved by making tie-ups with the regional as well as international print and televised media. Online advertising in the form of dedicated websites, mobile applications and e-mails is another weapon at their disposal, which is sure to bump up sales significantly. Recommendation on Current Strategies Internal - VM Strategies for In-store Enhancement Visual Merchandising (VM) refers to the presentation of the store and its products in such a manner as to attract potential customers (Bailey and Baker 2015). This policy would particularly be beneficial to Country Road, owing to the fact that not only their own outlets, but also the ones of Witchery, Mimco and Trenery can be incorporated into their VM scheme. This would involve furnishing the storefront with prominent advertising boards which display all ongoing offers and sales, and window displays with exclusive merchandise capable of drawing people inside. The interior can be decorated with interior displays and mannequins in such order and spacing that they get highlighted. The atmosphere of the stores can also be enhanced with themed lighting and music arrangements. External VM Strategies for Improved Online Business VM procedures can also be employed by Country Road for managing their online store and promotions. The official store website, though already quite elaborate and informative, still has room for improvement. The user interface may be made more customer-friendly by adding more menus and pop-ups which would provide more options to buyers. The online customer profile and transaction-accounts need to be enhanced by incorporating easier options to check sizes and carry out exchanges, returns and refunds seamlessly. Placement Strategies Another key area that Country Road needs to work on and improve is their policies of placement in terms of business expansion. The situation is quite favourable for the brand as they presently have access to state-of-the-art outlets, owing to the Witchery, Mimco and Trenery showrooms. However, showrooms are located exclusively in posh, urban areas, with country-folk having little or no admittance. Thus, they should conduct intensive surveys as to which regions might become potential customer bases and how to establish the brands acceptance and popularity in such areas. Other aspects such as wholesale prices, go-down and storage expenses also need to be studied and addressed better. References: Australianexporters.net., 2017.Country Road Clothing Pty Ltd - Clothing and manchester, furniture and accesssories - Australian Exporters. [online] Available at: https://www.australianexporters.net/companyID1838.htm#contactdetails [Accessed 29 Jul. 2017]. Bailey, S. and Baker, J., 2014.Visual merchandising for fashion. AC Black. Casidy, R., 2012. An empirical investigation of the relationship between personality traits, prestige sensitivity, and fashion consciousness of Generation Y in Australia.Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ),20(4), pp.242-249. Countryroad.com. 2017.Country Road | Women's, Men's Kid's Clothing Homewares. [online] Available at: https://www.countryroad.com/ [Accessed 4 Aug. 2017]. Craik, J., 2015. Challenges for Australian fashion.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management,19(1), pp.56-68. Kim, H., 2012. The dimensionality of fashion-brand experience: Aligning consumer-based brand equity approach.Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal,16(4), pp.418-441. The New York Times 2017. Australian Clothier Grows in U.S. [online] Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/11/business/australian-clothier-grows-in-us.html [Accessed 4 Aug. 2017]. UK Shppper Track. (2017). [online] Available at: https://uk.shoppertrak.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Country-Road-Case-Study-UK-detail.pdf [Accessed 4 Aug. 2017]